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BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Year : 2012  |  Volume : 16  |  Issue : 1  |  Page : 40-44
 

A review of permissible limits of drinking water

Manoj Kumar1, Avinash Puri2
1 Department of Public Health, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
2 Department of Anesthesia, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

Date of Web Publication13-Aug-2012

Correspondence Address:
Avinash Puri
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160012
India
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.99696

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  Abstract 

Water is one of the prime necessities of life. We can hardly live for a few days without water. In a man's body, 70-80% is water. Cell, blood, and bones contain 90%, 75%, and 22% water, respectively. The general survey reveals that the total surface area of earth is 51 crore km 2 out of which 36.1 crore km 2 is covered sea. In addition to this, we get water from rivers, lakes, tanks, and now on hills. In spite of such abundance, there is a shortage of soft water in the world. Physicochemical parameter of any water body plays a very important role in maintaining the fragile ecosystem that maintains various life forms. Present research paper deals with various water quality parameter, chlorides, dissolved oxygen, total iron, nitrate, water temperature, pH, total phosphorous, fecal coli form bacteria, and adverse effect of these parameters on human being.


Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, drinking waters, fecal coliform bacteria, parameters, pesticides


How to cite this article:
Kumar M, Puri A. A review of permissible limits of drinking water. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2012;16:40-4

How to cite this URL:
Kumar M, Puri A. A review of permissible limits of drinking water. Indian J Occup Environ Med [serial online] 2012 [cited 2023 Jan 31];16:40-4. Available from: https://www.ijoem.com/text.asp?2012/16/1/40/99696



  Introduction Top


Drinking water is one of the basic needs of life and essential for survival. Still more than one billion people all over the world do not have ready access to an adequate and safe water supply and more than 800 million of those unsaved live in rural areas. In India, ground water is being used as raw water for 85% public water supply. (According to world health report 1998)water supply varies widely in terms of region and country. In 1970s, of the approximately 2.5 billion people in developing world, only 38% has safe drinking water. At the beginning of the 1980s, water supply coverage was 75% in urban areas and 46% in rural areas. In developing countries, 75% of the population had access to water supply. So they are always prone to loss of their lives or cost a big toll to save themselves from the occurrence of different water-borne disease. Water contamination due to pathogenic agents, chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides water disinfectants, and thereby product as a consequence of industrial and agricultural activities leaching from soil, rocks, and atmospheric deposition and other human activities has become a hazard to human health in several regions of world.


  Materials and Methods Top


Permissible limits for drinking water quality according to American Public Health Association (APHA), World Health Organization (WHO), Indian Standard Institution (ISI), Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) are compared in this review article. The following method are used for test water quality. [1]

Dissolved oxygen

For dissolved oxygen "Winkler's method with azide modification" is being followed (APHA, 1998; part 4500 - OC, p. 4-131).

Free carbon dioxide

Free carbon dioxide is being determined by NaOH titration method (APHA, 1998; part 4500-CO 2 , C, p. 4-31).

Chlorides

For the determination of Chlorides "Argentometric method" is being applied (APHA, 1998; part 4500-Cl B, p. 4-67).

Nitrates

For the estimation of nitrates "Brucine method" is being used (Trivedi and Goel, 1984, p. 59).

Phosphates

For the estimation of phosphates "Stannous chloride method" is being applied (APHA, 1998; part 4500 - P D, p. 4-145).

Silicates

Determination of silicates is being done by "Molybdosilicate method" (APHA, 1998; part 4500-SiO 2 C, p. 4-156).

Sulfates

Determination of sulphates is being done by "Turbidimetric method" (APHA, 1998, part 4500 - SO4 2- E, p. 4-178).

Total alkalinity

Total alkalinity of the sample is being determined by standard titrimetric method.

Phenolphthalein alkalinity and methyl orange alkalinity (APHA, 1998, part 2320 B-CO 2 , D., p. 2-27).

Total hardness and calcium hardness

These are being determined by "EDTA titrimetric method" (APHA, 1998, part 2340, C, p. 2-36).

Pesticides estimation method

Pesticides estimation has been done with gas liquid chromatography. Gas liquid chromatography is a partition chromatography in which stationary phase is liquid and mobile phase is gas where partition of compound takes place between two phases. The requirement of GLC is that compound or its decomposed stable product should be volatile at the working (column) temperature. The column, oven, and the detector are three important components of gas chromatography. The column is the heart of gas chromatography. It is used to hold the separating media in a fixed position relative to a constant carrier gas flow through media. It is composed of long narrow, metal, or glass tube filled with a packing material consisting of liquid stationary phase coated on a solid support .The liquid phase should have a boiling point more than over the working temperature (200-300°C). The stationary phase is mostly organic silicon.


  Discussion Top


pH

pH is a measure of the acidic or basic (alkaline) nature of a solution. The concentration of the hydrogen ion [H + ] activity in a solution determines the pH. Mathematically this is expressed as:

pH = -log [ H + ]

The pH value is the negative power to which 10 must be raised to equal the hydrogen ion concentration. A pH range of 6.0 to 9.0 appears to provide protection for the life of fresh water fish and bottom dwelling invertebrates. The [Table 1] gives some special effects of pH on fish and aquatic life.
Table 1: The methods of analysis of different parameters of water quality

Click here to view


Temperature

Water temperature regulates the metabolism of the aquatic ecosystem. High water temperature stress aquatic ecosystem by reducing the ability of water to hold essential dissolved gases like oxygen often summer head can cause fish kills in water bodies because high temperature reduce available oxygen in the water.

Hardness

It is defined as the sum of calcium and magnesium concentrations and is a measure of the capacity of water to precipitate soap

Alkalinity

Alkalinity is primarily due to carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide contents. It is used in the interpretations and control of water and waste water processes.

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen analysis measures the amount of gaseous oxygen (O 2 ) dissolved in an aqueous solution. Oxygen gets into water by diffusion from the surrounding air, by aeration (rapid movement) and as a waste product of photosynthesis. Environmental impact of total dissolved solids gas concentration in water should not exceed 110% (above 13-14 mg/l). Concentration above this level can be harmful to aquatic life. Fish in waters containing excessive dissolved gases may suffer from "gas bubble disease"; however, this is a very rare occurrence. The bubbles or emboli block the flow of blood through blood vessels causing death. External bubbles emphysema can also occur and be seen on fins, on skin and on other tissue. Aquatic invertebrate are also affected by 'gas bubble disease,'' but at levels higher than those lethal to fish. Adequate dissolved oxygen is necessary for good water quality

Nitrate and Nitrite

Nitrate and Nitrite are naturally occurring ions that are part of nitrogen cycle. In general, vegetables are the main source of nitrate intake when level in drinking water is below 10 mg/l. When nitrate level in drinking water exceeds 50 mg/l, drinking water becomes the main source of total nitrate intake. The presence of nitrate indicates an old contamination provided nitrites are absent.

High level of nitrate in drinking water due to excessive use of agriculture fertilizers, decayed vegetable water, domestic effluent, sewage disposal industrial discharges, leachable from refuse dumps, atmospheric and atmospheric precipitation has become a serious problem (Makhijani and Manoharan 1999) [2]

Excess concentration of nitrate causes disease. Methemoglobinemia oxygen transport depends on the maintenance of intra cellular hemoglobin in the reduced (Fe 2+ ) state. When hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin, the heme iron becomes (Fe 3+ ) and is incapable of binding oxygen. Methemoglobinemia is suspected in any cyanotic patient with no evidence of heart and lung disease of cyanosis is due to decreased oxygen saturation.

Nitrites can produce a serious condition in fish called "brown blood disease" Nitrites also react directly with hemoglobin in human blood and other warm-blooded animals to produce methemoglobin. Methemoglobin destroys the ability of red blood cell to transport oxygen. This condition is especially serious in babies under three months of age. It causes a condition known as methemoglobinemia or "blue baby disease". Water with nitrite levels exceeding 1.0 mg/l should not be used for feeding babies Nitrite/nitrogen levels below 90 mg/l and nitrate levels below 0.5 mg/l seem to have no effect on warm water fish.

Chlorides

Chlorides are the inorganic compound resulting from the combination of the chlorine gas with metal. Some common chlorides include sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ). Chlorine alone as (Cl 2 ) highly toxic, and it is often used a disinfectant. In combination with a metal such as sodium, it becomes essential for life. Small amounts of chlorides are required for normal cell functions in plant and animal life.

Environmental impact of chloridesare not usually harmful to human health; however, the sodium part of the table salt has been linked to heart and kidney diseases. Sodium chloride may impact a salty taste at 250 mg/l; however, calcium or magnesium chloride is usually detected by taste until levels of 1000 mg/l are reached. Public drinking water standards require chloride level not to exceed 250 mg/l. Chlorides may get into surface water from several sources including: rocks contain chlorides, agricultural run-off, waste water from industries, oil well wastes, and effluent waste water from waste water treatment plants. Chlorides can corrode metals and affect the taste of food products. Chlorides can contaminate fresh water streams and lakes. Fish and aquatic communities cannot survive in high level of chlorides. Therefore, water that is used in industry or proceeds for any use has a recommended maximum chloride level.

Fluoride [3]

According to WHO 1984 and Indian standard drinking water specification 1991 the maximum permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 ppm and highest desirable limit is 1.0 ppm. Fluoride concentrations above 1.5 ppm in drinking water cause dental fluorosis and much higher concentration skeletal fluorosis. Low concentration (approximately 0.5 ppm) provides protection against dental caries. India is among the 23 nations around the globe where health problems occur due to the consumption of fluoride contamination water and the extent of fluoride contamination in water varies from 1.0 to 400 mg/l. In India, 20 million people are severely affected by fluorosis and 40 million people are exposed to risk of endemic fluorosis (Chinoy J. N. 1991). In India fluoride endemic states one Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, and Delhi.

Arsenic

Arsenic contamination in drinking water has been reported in different region of the world mainly in china (WHO1996). In India, it had been found to be wide spread in different region of the West Bengal due to dissolution of arsenic containing bed rocks. WHO has prescribed a provisional guideline value of As 10 μg/l in drinking water and according to India standard drinking water specification 1991, the highest desirable limit is 50 μg/l and no relaxation for maximum permissible level. Early clinical symptoms of acute intoxication include abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, muscular pain, and with flushing of the skin. These symptoms are often followed by numbers and tingling of the extremities, muscular cramping and the appearance of a popular erythematous rash.

Chronic exposure due to arsenic contaminated drinking water includes dermal lesions, peripheral neuropathy, skin cancer, and peripheral vascular disease. Major dermatological signs are nelano-keratosis, melanosis, spotted and diffuse keratosis, leucomelanosis, and dorsal keratosis (Saha et al 1999). [4]

Lead [5]

From a drinking water perspective, the almost universal use of lead compounds in plumbing fittings and as solder in water distribution systems is important. [5] Lead pipes may be used in older distribution systems and plumbing. Lead is present in tap water to some extent as a result of its dissolution from natural sources but primarily from household plumbing systems in which the pipes, solder, fittings, or service connections to homes contain lead. PVC pipes also contain lead compounds that can be leached from them and result in high lead concentration in drinking water. According to India standard drinking water specification 1991, highest desirable limit of lead in drinking water is 0.05 ppm and no relaxation for maximum permissible limit. Provisional tolerable weekly intake of 25 μg/l lead per kg body wt or 93.5 μg/kg body wt/day for all age group was established (WHO 1993). Lead is a cumulative general poison and associated with several health hazards like anemia (Moore. 1988), [5] reproductive effects (Wildt et al. 1983) [6] (Cullen et al. 1984). [7]

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is one of the key elements necessary for growth of plants and animals. Phosphorus in elemental form is very toxic and is subject to bioaccumulation. Phosphate PO4 3- formed from this element. Phosphate exists in three forms: Orthophosphate, met-pho sulfate, and organically bound phosphate. Each compound contains phosphorus in a different chemical formula orthoform are produced by natural processes and are found in sewage. Poly forms are used for treating boiler water and in detergents in water they change into the ortho form organic phosphates are important in nature. Their occurrence may result from the breakdown of organic pesticides which contain phosphates. They may exit in solution, as particles, loose fragments, or in the bodies of aquatic organisms.

Rainfall can cause varying amounts of phosphates to wash from farm soils into nearby waterways. Phosphate will stimulate the growth of plankton and aquatic plants which provide food for fish this increased growth may cause an increase in the fish population and improve the overall water quality. However, if an excess of phosphate enters the water way, algal and aquatic plants will grow wildly, choke up the water way, and use up large amounts of oxygen. This condition is known as Eutrophication or over-fertilization of receiving waters. The rapid growth of aquatic vegetation can cause the death and decay of vegetation- and quality life because of the decrease in dissolved oxygen levels. Phosphates are not toxic to people or animals unless they are present in very high levels. Digestive problem could occur from extremely high level of phosphate.

Iron [8]

Iron is the most abundant element, by weight, in the earth's crust. Iron is the second most abundant metal in earth's crust. It is an essential element in human nutrition. The minimum daily requirement of iron is ranged from about 10 to 50 mg/day (FAO/WHO 1988)

Natural water contains variable amounts of iron despite its universal distribution and abundance. Iron in ground water is normally present in the ferrous or bivalent from (Fe ++ ) or insoluble Iron urban exposure to air. Iron is a race elements required by both plants and animal. It is a vital oxygen transport mechanism in the blood all vertebrate and some invertebrate animals.

Iron in water may be present in varying qualities depending upon the geological area and other chemical component of the water way. Ferrous Fe ++ and ferric F +++ irons are primary forms of concern in the aquatic environment other forms may be in either organic or inorganic waste water streams. The ferrous form Fe 2+ can persist in water void of dissolved oxygen and usually originates from ground water or ---- that are pumped or drained. Iron in domestic water supply system, stains laundry and porcelain. It appears to be more of a nuisance than a potential health hazard. Taste thresholds of iron in water 0.1 mg/l for ferrous iron and 0.2 mg/l ferric Iron, giving a bitter or an astringent taste. Water used in industrial processes usually contain less than 0.2 mg/l iron. Black or Brown swaps water may contain iron concentration of several mg/l in the presence or the absence of dissolved oxygen, but this iron form has little effect on aquatic life. The current aquatic life standard is 1.0 mg/l based on toxic effects.

Microbiological Parameter

Fecal coliform bacteria

Fecal coliform bacteria are a collection of relatively harmless microorganisms that live in large number in the intestines of the warm and cold blooded animals. They aid in the digestion of food. A specific subgroups of this collection is the fecal coliform bacteria, the most common member being  Escherichia More Details coli. These organisms may be repeated from the total coliform group by their ability to grow at elevated temperatures and are associated only with the fecal material of warm blooded animals.

The presence of fecalcoliform bacteria in aquatic environmental indicate that the water has been contaminated with the fecal material of man or other animals. At the time this occurred, the source water may have been contaminated by pathogens or disease-producing bacteria or viruses which can also exist in fecal material. Some water-borne pathogenic diseases include typhoid fever, viral, and bacterial gastroenteritis and hepatitis A. The presence of fecal contamination is an indicator that a potential health risk exists for individuals exposed to this water.

Pesticides

Most commonly used Pesticides which have been detected in drinking water, ground water well water and surface water in many countries are alchlor (Ritter 1990), aldicarb (Heibseh 1988) [9] Carbofuran (Ritter 1990). [10]


  Conclusion Top


It was found that all parameters of permissible limit of drinking water were not set for all by different agencies i.e. (APHA), (WHO), (ISI), (CPCB), and (ICMR). Public health officers, doctors, and researchers follow these norms. However, there is a bias in permissible limit of drinking water quality set by different agencies (APHA, 1998; part 4500 - OC, p. 4-131). Permissible limits for drinking water parameters such as pH, temperature, hardness, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and nitrite, chlorides, fluoride, arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, phosphorus, iron and microbiological parameter like of fecal coliform bacteria are compared for different agencies in the [Table 2] and [Table 3]. [11] The permissible limits of different parameter set by different agencies do not show uniformity. pH (mg/l): 6.85-9.2 show uniformity set by different agencies, Turbidity (NTU): given by ISI 10NTU, ICMR 25NTU, CPCB 10 NTU, conductivity 200 mg/l and alkalinity 600 mg/l is given only central pollution controlboard not set up by USEPA, WHO, ISI, and ICMR, [12] Total hardness and Iron (mg/l): WHO 500, 0.1, ISI 300, 0.1, ICMR 600,1.0, CPCB 600, 1.0 but not set up by USEPA, there is a great difference in chlorides contents set by different agencies Chlorides (mg/l): USEPA250WHO200ISI250 ICMR 1000 CPCB 1000 nitrates and sulfates are much important parameters which show the status of water bodies nitrates show the trophic status and pollution in water quality. Nitrates and sulfates are not set by USEPA and WHO. Residual free chlorine (mg/l) 0.02 set up only by ISI, Calcium and magnesium (mg/l) WHO 75, 50 ISI 75, 30 ICMR 200 CPCB 200,100. Calcium and magnesium are significant to detect hardness of water, Copper (mg/l): USEPA 1.3, WHO 1.0, ISI0.05, ICMR 1.5, CPCB 1.5, Fluorides (mg /l): USEPA 4.0, WHO 1.5, ISI 0.6-1.2, ICMR 1.5, CPCB 1.5, Mercury mg/l:USEPA 0.001, WHO 0.002,ISI 0.001, ICMR 0.001, CPCB no relaxation,Mercury shows similarity with different agencies but no relaxation given by CPCB, Cadmium (mg/l):USEPA 0.005, WHO 0.005, ISI 0.01, ICMR 0.01, CPCB no relaxation, Selenium (mg/l):USEPA 0.05, WHO 0.01, CPCB no relaxation Arsenic (mg/l) USEPA 0.05, WHO 0.05,ISI 0.05, ICMR0.05, CPCB no relaxation Lead (mg/l): USEPA WHO 0.05 ISI 0.10 ICMR 0.05 CPCB no relaxation Zinc (mg/l): WHO 5.0,ISI 5.0, ICMR 0.10, CPCB 15.0, Chromium (mg/l): USEPA 0.1, ISI 0.5 CPCB no relaxation, E. coli (MPN/100 ml) CPCB no relaxation. E. coli shows water quality and pollution status but this permissible limit not given by different agencies. There is great confusion to the researcher, public health officers, and doctors to following the permissible limits when they do research. The WHO and MCI should fix the uniformity permissible which are helpful to the society.
Table 2: Permissible limits of drinking water quality

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Table 3: Permissible limits of pesticides in drinking water

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  References Top

1.APHA.Standard methods for the examination of water and waste\ water.20th ed. American Public Health Association, New York, 1998.   Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.Makhijani SD, Manoharan A. Nitrate pollution problem in drinking water sources: Monitoring and surveillance. Paper presented in the workshop water quality field test kits for Arsenic, Fluoride and Nitrate held from 8-9 Sept. 1999 at ITRC, Lucknow.   Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.Chinoy JN. Effects of fluoride on physiology of animals and human beings. Indian J Environ Toxico 1991;1:17-32.   Back to cited text no. 3
    
4.Saha KC, Dikshit AK, Bandyopadhyay MA. A review of arsenic poisoning and its effect onhuman health. CritRev Environ Sci Technol 1999;29:281-313.   Back to cited text no. 4
    
5.Moore MR. Haematological effects of lead. Sci Total Environ 1988;71:419-31.   Back to cited text no. 5
[PUBMED]    
6.Wildt K, Eliasson R, Borlin M. Effects of occupational exposure to lead on sperm and semen. In:Clarbson TW, Nordberg GF, Sager PR, editors. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of metals. Proceeding of joint meeting in Rochester, New York: Plenum press;1983. p. 279-300.   Back to cited text no. 6
    
7.Cullen MR, Kayne RD, Robins JM. Endocrine andreproductive dysfunction in men a social with occupation inorganic lead intoxication. Arch Environ Health 1984;39:431-40.   Back to cited text no. 7
[PUBMED]    
8.FAO/WHO. Requirement of Vitamin A, Iron, Folate and Vitamin B12. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expend consultation Rome, Food and Agricultural organization of the united nations (FAO Food and Nutrition series No. 23), 1988.   Back to cited text no. 8
    
9.Hiebsch S. The occurrence of thirty five pesticides in Canadian drinking water and surface water. Ottawa, Canada, Department of National Healthand Welfare, Evironmental Health Directorate, 1988. Khandekar RN, Mishra UC. Environmental lead exposure of an urban Indian population. Sci Total Environ. 1984 Dec;40:269-78.   Back to cited text no. 9
    
10.Ritter WF. Pesticide contamination of ground water in the United States - A review. Environ Sci Health 1990;25:1-29.   Back to cited text no. 10
[PUBMED]    
11.Trivedi RK, Goel PK. Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies. Karad: Environmental Publications; 1986.   Back to cited text no. 11
    
12.WHO. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: Forty first report of joint FAO/WHO. Expert committee on food additives. Geneva world health organization.WHO technical report series No.837, 1993.  Back to cited text no. 12
    



 
 
    Tables

  [Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]


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21 Neurotoxicity of Chronic Co-Exposure of Lead and Ionic Liquid in Common Carp: Synergistic or Antagonistic?
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22 Nitrite Determination in Environmental Water Samples Using Microchip Electrophoresis Coupled with Amperometric Detection
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Micromachines. 2022; 13(10): 1736
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23 Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resin Based on a Cross-Linked Polyacrylate for Simultaneous C.I. Acid Green 16, Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Phenol Removal
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24 A Quinoxaline-Naphthaldehyde Conjugate for Colorimetric Determination of Copper Ion
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25 Thy-AuNP-AgNP Hybrid Systems for Colorimetric Determination of Copper (II) Ions Using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Smartphone-Based Detection
Thitiporn Thongkam, Amara Apilux, Thitaporn Tusai, Tewarak Parnklang, Sumana Kladsomboon
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26 Recent Trends and Advances in Porous Metal-Organic Framework Nanostructures for the Electrochemical and Optical Sensing of Heavy Metals in Water
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27 Environmental Impact Assessment of the quarries on Grou River: Khenifra region- Morocco
A Boutsougame, M Khaffou, H Aassine, H Ouazzani, M Alaoui
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28 Study on spontaneous combustion and environmental pollution in a coal storage yard
K Muthukumar, K Amirtham, A Sundaramahalingam
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29 FABRICATION OF SPIRULINA BASED ACTIVATED CARBONS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Mustafa Rakib, Yeshaswini Baddam, Balakrishnan Subeshan, Ayse B. Sengul, Eylem Asmatulu
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30 Seasonal variation of water quality parameters of surface water in mining areas
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31 Ameliorative effects of dietary Vitamin-C on growth performance and hemato-biochemical response of sodium fluoride-intoxicated Amur Carp, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus
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32 Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Water Using Zeolite Derived from Agro-Wastes and Clays: A Review
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33 MAIN DIRECTIONS OF USE OF WASTE OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS (PEANUT SHELL) AS ADSORBENTS (RE-VIEW)
Muslima Iftikhorovna Karabayeva, Saodat Rakhmatzhanovna Mirsalimova, Dilnoza Saidakbarovna Salixanova, Sadokat Valizhanovna Mamadaliyeva, Safiye Saidbambievna Ortikova
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34 Assessment of toxicity and electrochemical sensing of arsenic in aqueous sources
Goverdhan Singh, Nisha, Anil Kumar, Parteek Prasher, Harish Mudila
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35 Health risk assessment of drinking water: Case study of city of Latacunga and the canton of Pedro Vicente Maldonado (Ecuador)
Cristian A. Salazar Flores, Anna I. Kurbatova, Kseniya Yu. Mikhaylichenko, Anastasiya C. Milutka
Hygiene and sanitation. 2022; 101(3): 344
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36 Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Selected Dumpsites and Groundwater in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
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37 Hydrochemical and environmental isotopes characteristic of groundwater and controlling factors for waters’ chemical composition in the iron–copper mine area of Elazig, SE Turkey
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38 Fluorescent Schiff base sensors as a versatile tool for metal ion detection: strategies, mechanistic insights, and applications
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39 Triphenylamine-based small-molecule fluorescent probes
Anirban Karak, Saikat Kumar Manna, Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
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40 Mesoporous-rich calcium and potassium-activated carbons prepared from degreased spent coffee grounds for efficient removal of MnO42- in aqueous media
Suranjana Bose, Rebecca D. Kirk, Harry Maslen, Martha A. Pardo Islas, Benedict Smith, Thomas I. J. Dugmore, Avtar S. Matharu
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41 Identification and determination of multiple heavy metal ions using a miniaturized paper-based optical device
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42 Upsurgence of smartphone as an economical, portable, and consumer-friendly analytical device/interface platform for digital sensing of hazardous environmental ions
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Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2022; 36: e00177
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43 Health risk assessment of total chromium in the qanat as historical drinking water supplying system
Ali Kazemi, Milad Esmaeilbeigi, Zahra Sahebi, Amir Ansari
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44 Synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots from bread waste and their nanomolar lead ions sensor application
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45 Predicting and analysing the quality of water resources for industrial purposes using integrated data-intelligent algorithms
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Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 2022; : 100794
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46 Electrocoagulation technique for continuous industrial licorice processing wastewater treatment in a single reactor employing Fe-rod electrodes: Process modeling and optimization and operating cost analysis
S. Abbasi, A.A. Zinatizadeh, M. Mirghorayshi, S. Zinadini, T. McKay
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47 Super-Efficient Removal of Arsenic and Mercury Ions from Wastewater by Nanoporous Biochar-Supported Poly 2-Aminothiophenol
Mohaddeseh Shahabi Nejad, Hassan Sheibani
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2022; : 107363
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48 Amplification of AIE-effect of tetraphenylethylene on solid support: Formation of a sensitive fluorescent nanosensor for turn-on detection of Cu2+ and successive sensing of ascorbate ions
Ram Uttam Gawas, Ankit Thakuri, Raghunath Acharya, Mainak Banerjee, Amrita Chatterjee
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49 Lac-extract doped Polyaniline Nano-Ribbons as Fluorescence Sensor and Molecular Switch for Detection of Aqueous AsO43- and Fe3+ contaminants
Arpita Adhikari, Somali Mukherjee, Amit K. Chakraborty, Suman Biswas, Arijita Basu, Mukut Chakraborty, Sanatan Chattopadhyay, Debasis Das, Dipankar Chattopadhyay
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2022; : 114000
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50 A dual-responsive bio-amicable fluorophore for trace level recognition of Zn2+ and Cd2+: Prefatory diagnosis of neoplastic disease from urine and ALS from saliva
Somrita Nag, Amita Mondal, Harish Hirani, Arpan Dey Bhowmik, Ansuman Chattopadhyay, Priyabrata Banerjee
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2022; 433: 114133
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51 Synthesis of magnetite-graphene nanocomposite for wastewater treatment
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52 Prosopis Juliflora (Kikar) pods as adsorbent for removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous streams
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53 Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: A robust technique for the detection of trace metals in water
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54 Water quality classification using machine learning algorithms
Nida Nasir, Afreen Kansal, Omar Alshaltone, Feras Barneih, Mustafa Sameer, Abdallah Shanableh, Ahmed Al-Shamma'a
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55 ZnO nanoparticles functionalized SWCNTs as highly sensitive SERS substrate for heavy metal ions detection
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Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 2022; 149: 106852
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56 Self-Powered Environmental Monitoring Via a Triboelectric Nanogenerator
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57 Assessing and mapping the groundwater quality of Taluka Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan, using water quality indices and geospatial tools
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58 Assessment of water and residue quality in three different drinking water distribution pipelines within high density areas in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria
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Sustainable Water Resources Management. 2022; 8(1)
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59 The impact of informal settlement on water quality of Diep River in Dunoon
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60 Assessment of water and sediment quality of Gilsar Lake, Kashmir
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61 Evaluation of the chronic intoxication of fluoride on human serum metabolome using untargeted metabolomics
Muhammad Usman, Arslan Ali, Amna Jabbar Siddiqui, Fizza Iftikhar, Sindhia Kumari, Syed Sibt-e-Hassan, Raja Shad, Tahir Rafique, Syed Kashif Raza, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Syed Ghulam Musharraf
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62 Porous floating Meretrix lusoria shell composite pellets immobilized with nitrate-reducing bacteria for treatment of phosphate and nitrate simultaneously from domestic wastewater
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63 Fluoride-contaminated water remediation using biochar derived from dairy processing sludge
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64 A review on removal strategies of microorganisms from water environment using nanomaterials and their behavioural characteristics
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Chemosphere. 2022; : 133915
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65 Impact of nano-ZnO consolidated poly (ether ether sulfone) nano filtration membrane for evacuation of hazardous metal particles
Purushothaman Maheswari, Doraiswamy Raju Mohan, Adikesavan Hari Krishnan, Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
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66 Cd(II) removal from amino acids-bearing wastewater: Critical evaluation and comparison of using magnetic carbon nanotubes vs. magnetite
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67 Ultra-Rapid Removal of Pb (II) Ions by a Nano-MoS 2 Decorated Graphene Aided by the Unique Combination of Affinity and Electrochemistry
J. S. Arya Nair, S. Saisree, K. Y. Sandhya
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68 Optimisation and Stability of Rh Particles on Noble Metal Films Immobilised on H + Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolyte in Attaining Efficient Nitrate Removal
Mohebul Ahsan, Md Mosaraf Hossain, Albandary Almahri, Mohammed M. Rahman, Mohammad A. Hasnat
Chemistry – An Asian Journal. 2022;
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69 Gold Nanomaterials and their Composites as Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Nitrite Detection
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70 Water quality assessment using synchrotron-based TXRF
Vijay Kumar Garg, Ankush Tanta, Arun Lal Srivastav, M. K. Tiwari, Ajay Sharma, Varinder Singh Kanwar
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71 Multidecadal assessment of environmental variables in the river Ganga for pollution monitoring and sustainable management
Nitish Kumar Tiwari, Trupti Rani Mohanty, Himanshu Sekhar Swain, Ranjan Kumar Manna, Srikanta Samanta, Basanta Kumar Das
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72 Impact evaluation of the run-of-river hydropower projects on the water quality dynamics of the Sindh River in the Northwestern Himalayas
Mohd Sharjeel Sofi, Aadil Hamid, Sami Ullah Bhat, Irfan Rashid, Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal
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73 A review on violation of drinking water specifications in water supply and research publications
A. G. S. Reddy
Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2022;
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74 Highly Sensitive ‘on–off’ Pyrene Based AIEgen for Selective Sensing of Copper (II) Ions in Aqueous Media
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Journal of Fluorescence. 2022;
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75 An effective long-wavelength fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ based on dibenzylidenehydrazine-bridged biphenylacrylonitrile
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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2022;
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76 CQDs/PANI nanocomposites based sensing probe for the sensitive and selective detection of mercury ions via Raman spectroscopy
Lovepreet Singh, Vishal Singh
Applied Physics A. 2022; 128(7)
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77 A biochemical and histology experimental approach to investigate the adverse effect of chronic lead acetate and dietary furan on rat lungs
Solomon E. Owumi, Moses T. Otunla, Uche O. Arunsi
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78 Salinity-constituent conversion in South Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California via machine learning
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79 Biosafety, Optimization, and Application of Bioflocculant-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
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80 Online investigation for irrigation water quality parameters of Gummidipoondi Lake, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Applied Water Science. 2022; 12(3)
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81 Valorization of waste potato peel as iron adsorbent and catalyst in photo-oxidation: a sustainable waste management strategy
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82 Water quality assessment of the Ganges River during COVID-19 lockdown
P. R. Muduli, A. Kumar, V. V. Kanuri, D. R. Mishra, P. Acharya, R. Saha, M. K. Biswas, A. K. Vidyarthi, A. Sudhakar
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2021; 18(6): 1645
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83 Evaluation of groundwater quality with health risk assessment of fluoride and nitrate in Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India
Velayutham Raja, Mallanpillai Anathakrishnan Neelakantan
Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021; 14(1)
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84 Assessment of heavy metal pollution in Yamuna River, Delhi-NCR, using heavy metal pollution index and GIS
Mohd Asim, K. Nageswara Rao
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85 Impact of some beverage industries on the physicochemical characteristics of Ajali River in Enugu, Nigeria
Pamela Favour Egwuonwu, Janefrances Ngozi Ihedioha, Hillary Onyeka Abugu, Nwachukwu Romanus Ekere
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86 Natural Variation in Physicochemical Profiles and Bacterial Communities Associated with Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites and Larvae on Guadeloupe and French Guiana
Lyza Hery, Amandine Guidez, Audrey-Anne Durand, Christelle Delannay, Josiann Normandeau-Guimond, Yann Reynaud, Jean Issaly, Daniella Goindin, Grégory Legrave, Joel Gustave, Stéphanie Raffestin, Sebastien Breurec, Philippe Constant, Isabelle Dusfour, Claude Guertin, Anubis Vega-Rúa
Microbial Ecology. 2021; 81(1): 93
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87 Ganga river water quality assessment using combined approaches: physico-chemical parameters and cyanobacterial toxicity detection with special reference to microcystins and molecular characterization of microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes carrying cyanobac
Vigya Kesari, Sanjay Kumar, Indrajeet Yadav, Antra Chatterjee, Shweta Rai, Shraddha Pandey
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88 Evaluation of Spatio-temporal Changes in Surface Water Quality and Their Suitability for Designated Uses, Mettur Reservoir, India
Ajoy Saha, V. L. Ramya, P. K. Jesna, S. Sibina Mol, Preetha Panikkar, M. E. Vijaykumar, U. K. Sarkar, B. K. Das
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89 Simultaneous Removal of Phosphate and Nitrate from Synthetic and Real Wastewater by Meretrix lusoria as an Efficient and Novel Material
Zubaida Daudzai, Rujira Dolphen, Paitip Thiravetyan
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2021; 232(5)
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90 Water Quality Characterization of Marusudar River in Chenab Sub-Basin of North-Western Himalaya Using Multivariate Statistical Methods
Sami Ullah Bhat, Aftab Ahmad Bhat, Arshid Jehangir, Aadil Hamid, Inam Sabha, Umara Qayoom
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2021; 232(11)
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91 Environmentally relevant concentrations of Cadmium impair morpho-physiological development and metamorphosis in Polypedates maculatus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) tadpoles
Srikant Ojha, Anirban Roy, Animesh Kr. Mohapatra
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology. 2021; 3: 133
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92 Mechanisms of arsenic removal from simulated surface water based on As(III) retention on thiol chelating resins
Graziele Duarte, Mônica C. Teixeira, Sunday J. Olusegun, Virginia S.T. Ciminelli
Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. 2021; 16: 100532
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93 Spatiotemporal evaluation of hydrochemical facies and pesticide residues in the cardamom plantations of Southern Western Ghats, India
S. Gayathri, Vinu V. Dev, R. Shiny Raj, A. Krishnakumar, T.M. Vishnu Maya, K. Anoop Krishnan
Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. 2021; 16: 100599
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94 Surface functionalization of mesoporous silica with maltodextrin for efficient adsorption of selective heavy metal ions from aqueous solution
Radha Gupta, Devendra Deo Pathak
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2021; 631: 127695
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95 Continuous fixed-bed biosorption process: A review
Arunachalam Thirunavukkarasu, Rajarathinam Nithya, Raja Sivashankar
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96 Arsenic removal from groundwater using an aerated electrocoagulation reactor with 3D Al electrodes in the presence of anions
A.Y. Goren, M. Kobya
Chemosphere. 2021; 263: 128253
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97 Cubic cobalt and zinc co-doped magnetite nanoparticles for persulfate and hydrogen peroxide activation towards the effective photodegradation of Sulfalene
Arezou Fazli, Alireza Khataee, Marcello Brigante, Gilles Mailhot
Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 404: 126391
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98 Identifying lithogenic and anthropogenic factors responsible for spatio-seasonal patterns and quality evaluation of snow melt waters of the River Jhelum Basin in Kashmir Himalaya
Shabir A. Khanday, Sami Ullah Bhat, Sheikh Tajamul Islam, Inam Sabha
CATENA. 2021; 196: 104853
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99 Mitigation of arsenic induced developmental cardiotoxicity by ferulic acid in zebrafish
Ekambaram Perumal, Sangavi Eswaran, Reshma Parvin, Satheeswaran Balasubramanian
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. 2021; 244: 109021
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100 Heavy Metals in Blanket Dam and Downstream Weirs, and the Associated Risk to Human Health
Qaphelani Ngulube, Champaklal T. Parekh, Stephen Majoni
Chemistry Africa. 2021; 4(1): 217
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101 Adsorption of fluoride in aqueous solutions using saline water algae (Rhodophyta sp.): an insight into isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and optimization studies
Naba Kumar Mondal, Ria Bhaumik, Kamalesh Sen, Priyanka Debnath
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. 2021;
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102 Multifunctional water treatment system for oil and gas-produced water
Sattar Ali, Ahmed Olanrewaju Ijaola, Eylem Asmatulu
Sustainable Water Resources Management. 2021; 7(6)
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103 Production and environmental applications of gelatin-based composite adsorbents for contaminants removal: a review
Cesar Vinicus Toniciolli Rigueto, Mateus Torres Nazari, Lillian Ávila Massuda, Bruna Elisangela Pessini Ostwald, Jeferson Steffanello Piccin, Aline Dettmer
Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2021; 19(3): 2465
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104 Synthesis of a magnetically separable LDH-based S-scheme nano-heterojunction for the activation of peroxymonosulfate towards the efficient visible-light photodegradation of diethyl phthalate
Arezou Fazli, Marcello Brigante, Alireza Khataee, Gilles Mailhot
Applied Surface Science. 2021; 559: 149906
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105 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and their histopathological impact on Mugil cephalus from the North Eastern Region of Manzala Lake, Egypt
Heba N. Gad El-Hak, Marwa I. Saad El-Din, Ranwa A. Elrayess
Regional Studies in Marine Science. 2021; 45: 101841
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106 Presence of fluoride in water diminishes fast the SPR peak of silver nanocrystals showing large red shift with quick sedimentation – A fast sensing and fast removal case
Babli Debnath, Ratan Das
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2021; 249: 119306
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107 Europium(III) complex fluorescent sensor for dual channel recognition of Sn2+ and Cu2+ ions in water
Xiao Wang, Huimin Song, Congbin Fan, Shouzhi Pu
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2021; 250: 119373
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108 An effective dual sensor for Cu2+ and Zn2+ with long-wavelength fluorescence in aqueous media based on biphenylacrylonitrile Schiff-base
Bowen Zha, Shuting Fang, Huiling Chen, Hongyu Guo, Fafu Yang
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2021; : 120765
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109 PEI-functionized cellulose foam for the visual recognition and removal of Cr(VI)
Shengli Zhang, Silue Zhang, Wei Li, Yanbo Pei, Bofang Liu, Hongwei Yang
Materials Letters. 2021; 293: 129685
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110 Removal of fluorides from ground waters of coastal Andhra Pradesh in a fixed bed column by using alumina loaded nanoporous Mn-Ce oxide powder adsorbent
P. Rohinikumar, K. Sarath Chandra, C. Durga Prasad, K.V. Ramesh
Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; 46: 198
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111 Diatoms recovery from wastewater: Overview from an ecological and economic perspective
Abhishek Saxena, Archana Tiwari, Rinku Kaushik, Hafiz M.N. Iqbal, Roberto Parra-Saldívar
Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2021; 39: 101705
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112 Recent advances in removal techniques of Cr(VI) toxic ion from aqueous solution: A comprehensive review
Hassan Karimi-Maleh, Ali Ayati, Saeid Ghanbari, Yasin Orooji, Bahareh Tanhaei, Fatemeh Karimi, Marzieh Alizadeh, Jalal Rouhi, Li Fu, Mika Sillanpää
Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2021; 329: 115062
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113 Absorbance-based detection of arsenic in a microfluidic system with push-and-pull pumping
Betul Karakuzu, Yekta Gulmez, H. Cumhur Tekin
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114 Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of a novel benzothiazole-azine based ESIPT-coupled orange AIEgen for the selective recognition of Cu2+ ions in solution and solid phase
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115 Light responsive, electrochemically dimerizable, capture and release device based on photochromic oxazine for nanomolar level detection of Hg2+ ions
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Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2021; 895: 115490
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116 Artisanal tannery wastewater: Quantity and characteristics
Miriam Appiah-Brempong, Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh, Nana Yaw Asiedu, Samuel Kwame Dadzie, Francis Warings Yao Momade
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117 The concentration of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) in drinking water and non-carcinogenic risk assessment: A case study in Bandar Abbas, Iran
Hamid Reza Ghaffari, Zohreh Kamari, Vahid Ranaei, Zahra Pilevar, Mitra Akbari, Mashallah Moridi, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, Van Nam Thai, Yadolah Fakhri, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
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118 Synthesis of rare earth metal oxide nanoparticle for simultaneous removal of fluoride and As(III) from aqueous solution
Moumita Debroy, Mrinal Kanti Dolai, Trilochan Prasad Sahoo, Subrata Dasgupta, Mahesh Kumar Gagrai
Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 2021; 12: 100512
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119 Continuous removal and recovery of metals from wastewater using inverse fluidized bed sulfidogenic bioreactor
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120 Evaluation of the aqueous Fe (II) ion sorption capacity of functionalized microcrystalline cellulose
C.O. Aniagor, E.S. Abdel-Halim, A. Hashem
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9(4): 105703
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121 Novel insights into adsorption of heavy metal ions using magnetic graphene composites
Rakesh Kumar, Sayan Bhattacharya, Prabhakar Sharma
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9(5): 106212
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122 Recent developments in fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors based on schiff bases for metallic cations detection: A review
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123 Metal doped graphene oxide derived from Quercus ilex fruits for selective and visual detection of iron(III) in water: Experiment and theory
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Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. 2021; 21: 100436
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124 Thiosemicarbazide-grafted graphene oxide as superior adsorbent for highly efficient and selective removal of mercury ions from water
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125 Comparative Performance and parametric study of solar still: A review
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126 Dual detection of mercury (II) and lead (II) ions using a facile coumarin-based fluorescent probe via excited state intramolecular proton transfer and photo-induced electron transfer processes
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127 Photo Augmented Copper-based Fenton Disinfection under Visible LED Light and Natural Sunlight Irradiation
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128 Protection of lead-induced cytotoxicity using paramagnetic nickel–insulin quantum clusters
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129 Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of zinc from environmental water samples using ionic liquid
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130 Development of sustainable and ecofriendly metal ion scavenger for adsorbing Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions from the aqueous phase
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131 Trace-Level Humidity Sensing from Commercial Organic Solvents and Food Products by an AIE/ESIPT-Triggered Piezochromic Luminogen and ppb-Level “OFF–ON–OFF” Sensing of Cu2+: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Outcome
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132 A novel voltammetric method for the sensitive and selective determination of carbonate or bicarbonate ions by an azomethine-H probe
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133 The single-tube quantitative rapid detection of coliform bacteria based on enzyme-specific technology
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134 Assessment of surface waters and pollution impacts in Southern Ghana
Enoch Bessah, Abdulganiy O. Raji, Olalekan J. Taiwo, Sampson K. Agodzo, Olusola O. Ololade, Alexandre Strapasson, Emmanuel Donkor
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135 Application of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for assessment of water quality around Yamuna River in Agra Region, Uttar Pradesh, India
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136 Adsorptive removal of P(V) and Cr(VI) by calcined Zn-Al-Fe ternary LDHs
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137 Optimization of multiple parameters for adsorption of arsenic (III) from aqueous solution using Psidium guajava leaf powder
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138 Dual Mode Smartphone Based Sensing for Accurate Estimation of Sulphate and Chloride in Water
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139 Potential of rainwater harvesting in Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
B H Pirngadi, A D Karlina, D Syarifudin
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140 Water Quality Assessment – River Trail Project of Asasi, UiTM Dengkil
N Kasmuri, N A Ismail, N Zaini, S Abdullah, Z Yaacob
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141 Pseudomonas putida APRRJVITS11 as a potent tool in chromium (VI) removal from effluent wastewater
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142 Efficient and additive-free synthesis of morphology variant iron oxyhydroxide nanostructures for phosphate adsorption application
Rhushikesh Godbole, Sei-Jin Lee, Yang Soo Kim, Hyung-Kee Seo, Bo Kyoung Kim, Hee-Suk Chung, Sang-Hun Jeong, Dong-Yun Yoon, Ha-Jin Lee, Jong Bae Park
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143 Cloud based analysis of Drinking Water quality parameters
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144 Ionic flux and geological release of fluoride in groundwater sources of a semi-arid tropical region in south India
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145 Simple ultrasound-heating process for preparation of magnetite-sulphur adsorbent for rapid uptake of phosphate ion in solution
Owolabi M. Bankole, Adeniyi S. Ogunlaja, Moses A. Adeyemo, Segun E. Olaseni, Olayinka S. Adanlawo, Kehinde I. Ojubola, Andy O. Enijuni
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146 A Colorimetric Dip Strip Assay for Detection of Low Concentrations of Phosphate in Seawater
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147 Review on the Use of Heavy Metal Deposits from Water Treatment Waste towards Catalytic Chemical Syntheses
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148 Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose in Tehsil Bah, Agra District, India
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149 Toxic Metals (As, Cd, Ni, Pb) Impact in the Most Common Medicinal Plant (Mentha piperita)
Cristina Dinu, Stefania Gheorghe, Anda Gabriela Tenea, Catalina Stoica, Gabriela-Geanina Vasile, Roxana Luisa Popescu, Ecaterina Anca Serban, Luoana Florentina Pascu
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(8): 3904
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150 Quality Assessment of Bottled and Unbottled Drinking Water in Bangladesh
Md. Ripaj Uddin, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Md. Jainal Abedin, Nahida Akter, AHM Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal, Rokaia Sultana, Shahnaz Sultana, Mehedi Hasan, Hamid Osman, Basem H. Elesawy, M. I. Sayyed, A. Sulieman
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151 Multi-Scale Analysis of the Dependence of Water Quality on Land Use Using Linear and Mixed Models
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152 Study on isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics of adsorption of crystal violet dye by calcium oxide modified fly ash
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153 Efficiency of the Single and Dual Media Filters for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water in Ekbatan and Shahid Beheshti Water Treatment Plants in city of Hamedan
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154 Monitoring Environmental Parameters with Oil and Gas Developments in the Permian Basin, USA
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11): 4026
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155 A First Step towards Determining the Ionic Content in Water with an Integrated Optofluidic Chip Based on Near-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
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156 A Comparative Study between Bimetallic [email protected] Nanoparticles with Iron and Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized Using a Bioflocculant: Their Applications and Biosafety
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157 Adaptive Water Sampling Device for Aerial Robots
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158 Physicochemical and microbiological quality of tanker waters in Bengaluru urban for safe water supply
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159 Bioanode-Assisted Removal of Hg 2+ at the Cathode of Microbial Fuel Cells
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160 Impact of Land-use and Land-cover Change on Groundwater Quality and Quantity in the Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India: A Remote Sensing and GIS approach
K C Mondal, K G Rathod, H M Joshi, H S Mandal, Rubia Khan, Kushagra Rajendra, Y K Mawale, K Priya, D C Jhariya
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161 The optimum range of ocean and freshwater quality parameters
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162 Easy removal of nitrate and phosphate anions from water by low cost chitosan and activated charcoal
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163 Ecological status of a freshwater tectonic lake of the indo-burmese province: Implications for livelihood development
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164 An Overview of River Side Pollutants and their Effects on Physico-Chemical Changes in Water Quality of River Halda, Bangladesh
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165 Nanoparticles impact in biomedical waste management
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166 Bio-inspired perylene diimide coated super paramagnetic nanoparticles for the effective and efficient removal of lead(ii) from aqueous medium
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167 Functional biobased hydrogels for the removal of aqueous hazardous pollutants: current status, challenges, and future perspectives
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168 Adsorptive Removal of Se(IV) by Citrus Peels: Effect of Adsorbent Entrapment in Calcium Alginate Beads
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ACS Omega. 2020; 5(28): 17215
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169 Quality assessment of the noncarbonated-bottled drinking water: comparison of their treatment techniques
Muhammad Altaf Nazir, Abdullah Yasar, Muhammad Aswad Bashir, Sajid Hussain Siyal, Tayyaba Najam, Muhammad Sufyan Javed, Khalil Ahmad, Shahid Hussain, Saima Anjum, Ejaz Hussain, Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah, Aziz Ur Rehman
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170 Combining Chemometrics and Sensors: Toward New Applications in Monitoring and Environmental Analysis
James Chapman, Vi Khanh Truong, Aaron Elbourne, Sheeana Gangadoo, Samuel Cheeseman, Piumie Rajapaksha, Kay Latham, Russell J. Crawford, Daniel Cozzolino
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171 Trophic-Level Interactive Effects of Phosphorus Availability on the Toxicities of Cadmium, Arsenic, and Their Binary Mixture in Media-Exposed Scenedesmus acutus and Media and Dietary-Exposed Daphnia pulex
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172 8-Hydroxyjulolidine aldimine as a fluorescent sensor for the dual detection of Al3+ and Mg2+
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173 Exogenous supplementation of melatonin alters representative organic acids and enzymes of respiratory cycle as well as sugar metabolism during arsenic stress in two contrasting indica rice cultivars
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174 Nitrate-N-mediated toxicological responses of Scenedesmus acutus and Daphnia pulex to cadmium, arsenic and their binary mixture (Cd/Asmix) at environmentally relevant concentrations
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175 Near-IR aza-BODIPY-based probe for the selective simultaneous detection of Cu2+ in aqueous buffer solutions and its application in biological samples
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176 Preparation of activated carbon using fruit, paper and clothing wastes for wastewater treatment
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177 Novel phenothiazine-based fast-responsive colori/fluorimetric sensor for highly sensitive, selective and reversible detection of Cu2+ in real water samples and its application as an efficient solid-state sensor
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178 Curcumin nanoemulsion as a biocompatible medium to study the metal ion imbalance in a biological system
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179 An Investigation on Sudden Change in Water Quality of Brahmaputra River Using Remote Sensing and GIS
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National Academy Science Letters. 2020; 43(7): 619
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180 Remediation of heavy metals (Cr, Zn) using physical, chemical and biological methods: a novel approach
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SN Applied Sciences. 2020; 2(2)
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181 Watershed land use, surface water vulnerability and public health risks of two urban rivers, Ado-Ekiti, South-West Nigeria
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182 Combined efficacy of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera leaves extract as a potential coagulant in ground water treatment
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183 Mobility and speciation of mercury in soils from a mining zone in Villa Hidalgo, SLP, Mexico: A preliminary risk assessment
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184 Spatial and sensitivity analysis of integrated groundwater quality index towards irrigational suitability investigation
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185 Fabrication of the polysulfone-based composite ultrafiltration membranes for the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from their contaminated aqueous solutions
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186 Facilitated decrease of anions and cations in influent and effluent of sewage treatment plant by vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides): the uptake of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and phosphate
Mohsen Gholipour, Pooyan Mehrabanjoubani, Ahmad Abdolzadeh, Mostafa Raghimi, Seyedmohammad Seyedkhademi, Ehsan Karimi, Hamid Reza Sadeghipour
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187 Enhanced arsenic removal from water by a bimetallic material ZrOx-FeOx with high OH density
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188 Elucidation of the potential of Moringa oleifera leaves extract as a novel alternate to the chemical coagulant in water treatment process
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189 Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in New Calabar River
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Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2020; 105(2): 317
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190 (S)-4-(4-aminobenzyl)-2-oxazolidinone based 2-azetidinones for antimicrobial application and luminescent sensing of divalent metal cations
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191 A Quick Responsive Chitosan-Oxine Based Thin Film to Recognize and Remove Zn 2+ Ions from Potable Water
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192 Fluorescent, colourimetric, and ratiometric probes based on diverse fluorophore motifs for mercuric(II) ion (Hg2+) sensing: highlights from 2011 to 2019
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193 A short review on recent progress in mesoporous silicas for the removal of metal ions from water
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194 Synthesis of [email protected] nanocomposites by complexation method and their application as label-free chemo probe for detection of mercury ions
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195 An overview of nanoscale materials on the removal of wastewater contaminants
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196 Assessment of potability of spring water and its health implication in a hilly village of Uttarakhand, India
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197 An overview of plant-based interventions to ameliorate arsenic toxicity
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198 Ultrafiltration membrane assisted cost effective ionizer for production of therapeutic alkaline ionized water
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199 Deciphering the Mechanisms of Bacterial Inactivation on HiPIMS Sputtered CuxO-FeOx-PET Surfaces: From Light Absorption to Catalytic Bacterial Death
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200 A review of the applications of Schiff bases as optical chemical sensors
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201 Evaluation of the water quality at Bogdalen watershed near Kvitfjell and Raudfjell wind farm area
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202 Effects of Seasonality on Physico-Chemical Properties and Selected Ligands on Rivers in Sigor Division, West Pokot County, Kenya
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203 Structural Changes of Bacillus subtilis Biomass on Biosorption of Iron (II) from Aqueous Solutions: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
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204 A Comprehensive Review of Microfluidic Water Quality Monitoring Sensors
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205 Seasonal movement of trace-element discharge in a typical south-Indian suburban community
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206 A Dual-Readout Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Enzyme Assay for the Sensitive Detection of Hg(II) Ions in Drinking Water
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